1. How is deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity formed? What\'s the cause?
Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity is a common disease, which is associated with lower extremity swelling, secondary varicose veins, dermatitis, pigmentation, stasis ulcer and so on. Slow venous flow, damage of venous wall and hypercoagulability of blood can cause deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs. It is easy to occur in patients with surgery, pregnancy, malignant tumor and long-term bed rest.
2. Clinical manifestations? Complications?
The most common main clinical manifestations of this disease are sudden swelling of one limb, local pain, aggravation when walking, only heaviness in light parts, and aggravation when standing. Pain and pressure in the swollen lower extremities, dilation of superficial veins, increased skin temperature and body temperature of the affected limb.
Complications:
1. Thrombosis syndrome; It is the most common and important complication, manifested as obstruction of blood return mainly caused by obstruction and blood reflux due to valve destruction after recanalization, resulting in venous hypertension of the lower extremities.
2, bleeding; The main complication of anticoagulant therapy is bleeding.
3. Pulmonary embolism is the most serious complication and can lead to death.
Iii. Treatment Methods:
1. Acute stage;
(1) Non-surgical therapy:
① Thrombolytic therapy: urokinase (acute phase use, only one week)
② Anticoagulant therapy: heparin, warfarin (not more than 2 months, need daily elbow vein blood for coagulation function monitoring)
③ Rest in bed for 1-2 weeks, the affected limb is raised 20-30 cm, and the knee joint is slightly flexion.
(2) Surgical therapy: surgical thrombectomy.
2. Chronic phase;
For deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity, no venous reconstruction surgery is generally performed within 1 year of onset. During this period, the obstruction of venous return of lower extremity can be significantly alleviated in many cases after anticoagulant therapy and combined treatment with other drugs.
4. Preventive health care
1, avoid sudden standing in bed, get up and walk slowly;
2, often appropriate active activities, and more deep breathing and coughing, as early as possible to get out of bed activities;
3, when necessary, wear medical elastic stockings for lower limbs, especially for elderly, cancer or heart patients, after major thoracic, abdominal or pelvic surgery, femur fracture and postpartum women pay more attention.
4. Get out of bed early after surgery
5, limb pressure preventive treatment.